نشریه پایداری، توسعه و محیط زیست
سال دوم شماره 7 (پاییز 1400)

The conservation category as man and biosphere seeks to bridge the multifaceted needs of conservation and sustainable use of nature. Zoning of the biosphere reserves is planned and managed by establishing three zones of core, buffer, and transition.  Because of the fauna, flora and indigenous diversity, and its rich culture, Iran is an important environment to implement this vision of this conservation category as man and biosphere and has so far registered 13 biosphere reserves. However, Iran's biosphere reserves have not been successful in achieving the goals of the MaB program, largely due to their national protected areas and applying the existing 11-zoning guidelines. This study describes the goals, structure, and challenges of biosphere reserves in the world and Iran, emphasizes the need for the triple zoning based on a participatory approach in the country. One of the important and applied achievements of this research is to achieve the compliance pattern of eleven zoning of national protected areas with the triple zoning pattern of biosphere reserves. Based on the findings of this study, in order to adapt the zoning of biosphere reserves to all national protection titles, it is necessary to separate the transition zone into two parts internal and external. Also zones 1 and 2 of the national zones will be always considered as core zone in the biosphere reserve. The buffer zone is capable of adapting to all 11 zones except zones 1,2 and 9. The internal transition zone, except zone 1 and 2, is adaptable to other zones. In contrast the external transition zone can only be adapted to zone 9 of national conservation categories.

In order to achieve sustainable development in the urban management structure of Iranian cities, especially metropolises, a specific model based on the characteristics and dimensions of this concept and the qualities of the target context, ie the context of Iran, must be drawn. The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of achieving sustainable environmental development in the urban management structure of the metropolis in Tabriz.

In this study, using the method of customary or conventional qualitative content analysis: the categories, sub-classes and subclasses of the structure of the urban management model of sustainable development-based in Iranian metropolises were explained with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews with 23 experts related to the research objectives and purposeful sampling with maximum diversity until data saturation was achieved.

After analyzing the data, 4 floors, 20 sub-classes, 99 sub-categories were formulated. Economic, cultural-social, institutional and environmental-physical capacities as components of achieving sustainable development were explained for the first time in the urban management structure of Iranian metropolises.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development, much attention must be paid to the structure of urban management.

Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development. Extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been proposed to overcome this challenge with the approach of guiding cities towards a more sustainable environmental approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the environmental sustainability of Tabriz based on environmental indicators of urban smart growth.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology; And data collection was based on library and survey methods. The statistical population of the study includes all specialists and professors of environment and urban planning in the city of Tabriz. The sample size is 25 experts. Structural equation method (SEM) was used to analyze the data using Smart Pls software.

The results showed that for environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, among the environmental indicators of urban smart growth, air pollution index, green space and outdoor space with coefficients extracted based on the research structural model of 0.825, 0.799 and 0.781 has the highest and waste production with a coefficient of 0.705 has the lowest impact.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, much attention should be paid to environmental indicators of smart growth.

Urban spaces are in close interaction with humans due to the possibility of gathering, pausing and passing. However, streets as one of the urban spaces have changed in the process of urban development and have lost their interactive role with humans due to becoming a passageway for vehicles. Since the stability of urban landscape as a visual phenomenon, while affecting the human senses, causes emotional-perceptual reactions of humans in space and if it is consistent with human needs, can reproduce the interactive role, the purpose of this study is to assess sustainability. The urban landscape of Imam Street in Tabriz is based on humanistic landscape components.

The research method is based on a descriptive-analytical and survey approach. Documentary data analysis was performed by classification and survey data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistical tests including analysis of variance and Fisher's post hoc test. Finally, in order to provide the possibility of ranking the qualities of humanistic landscape, Friedman test and to rank the selected sections of Imam Street in Tabriz, in order to have the qualities of constructive humanistic landscape, the TOPSIS technique has been used.

The results indicate that humanistic landscape constructs are significantly different in each of the selected areas and among the components of humanistic landscape for sustainability, human needs more than two components of human capabilities and human perceptual states in sustainability. The urban landscape of Imam Street in Tabriz has been crystallized.
Discussion and

Based on the results obtained in the study area, it is concluded that if we pay attention to the components of the humanistic landscape in Imam Street, Tabriz will lead to the stability of the urban landscape.

The existence of nature and plants is an effective factor in human physical and mental health that by eliminating them, it will be difficult to reduce human problems today. Its architectural efforts to improve the quality of human life in residential spaces are ongoing. Man's relationship with his environment is a function of his various sensory systems, and today the subconscious image of the individual is formed by the reactions of components and parts of the senses in a large built environment. The purpose of this study is to achieve the desired architectural space and provide solutions by examining the factors of human quality of life in residential space. Interest in climatic conditions is one of the main subgroups of biological architecture.

The method of this research is descriptive and analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Tabriz Asman Tower and the sample size with Cochran's formula was 355 people. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. In order to investigate the effect of biophilic architecture principles on housing design in Tabriz Asman Tower, regression correlation coefficient has been used.

The results showed that the greatest effect of biophilic architecture on improving the environmental quality of residential complexes is directly and indirectly related to the landscape index with a direct effect of 0.732 and an indirect effect of 0.413. The lowest direct and indirect effects are related to the gravity index with a direct effect of 0.333 and an indirect effect of 0.026.
Discussion and

According to the results of this study, it is concluded that biophilic architecture is effective in improving the environmental quality of residential complexes.

Urban identity is a set of values ​​that cover different cultural, economic or political terms and separates a city from the rest. Meanwhile, architecture and urban planning play a very important role in maintaining and sustainability of a community identity and culture, in Iran with the arrival of modernity, in Tabriz, regardless of identity - culture, architecture and urbanization of Tabriz, causing the lack of the stability of identity in the city and contemporary housing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the sustainability of contemporary housing identity in Tabriz from the perspective of face transformation and architectural tone.

The present research is descriptive - analytical of survey type. The statistical population includes specialists in this area, the sample size is 12 of the experts and professors. For data analysis, structural equation method was used through Smart Pls and AMOS software.

The results of the research show that the most impact on the sustainability of contemporary housing identity in terms of facial developments and architecture tone in Tabriz, the introduction of architecture in the concept of goods and not the place of living and the city in the warehouse of the goods and not the largest amount of civilization with bills of 0.96 And the conversion of Iranian architecture has had the least impact on architecture in Iran with a factor load of 0.34.
Discussion and

Therefore, there is a direct relationship between facial developments and architectural tone and the sustainability of architectural identity in Contemporary Housing Valiasr Nasr Tabriz.